Strategic development of wheelchair basketball in Europe and Türkiye: A systematic review and comparative framework for sustainable growth

Abstract

Purpose: This systematic review examines the strategic development of wheelchair basketball in Europe and Türkiye, focusing on athlete pathways, governance structures, and sustainability mechanisms. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched. From 731 records, 16 peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted, and methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: European systems demonstrate structured talent identification, formalized coach education, diversified funding models, and integrated sports science support. Reverse integration and gender-inclusive policies were associated with higher participation and institutional sustainability. In Türkiye, grassroots growth is evident; however, limitations persist regarding infrastructure, performance monitoring, and long-term funding continuity. Conclusion: Sustainable wheelchair basketball development requires coherent governance, standardized performance monitoring, and institutional partnerships. Adopting adaptable European best practices while accounting for Türkiye’s socio-cultural context can strengthen competitive performance and inclusive participation.