Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widely prevalent chronic disease and risk factor for several other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Apoptosis is a homeostatic ...

Introduction: Insulin resistance is associated with a pro-inflammatory state increasing the risk for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its chronobiotic effects, the pineal hormone ...