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  An examination of future anxiety among vocational school students in relation to sociodemographic variables

  (Springer Nature, 05/11/2026)

  Kartal, Neslihan

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  Mehel Tutuk, Sevda Pinar

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  Gürün Betbaşi, Reyhan

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  Kurt, Şebnem

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  Unluturk, Şerife

  Daha fazla

  Aim This study aimed to examine future anxiety among vocational school students and to determine whether its dimensions differ according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 255 vocational school students aged 18–35 years. Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Data Form and the Future Anxiety Scale in Uni versity Students. The Cronbach’salpha coefficient of the total scale was .93 in the present study. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysisResults The mean total Future Anxiety Scale score was 55.47 ± 15.26. Significant differences were observed in selected dimensions of future anxiety according to age, marital status, economic status, regular hobby engage ment, regular exercise, family financial support, academic department, and dietary habits. Poor perceived eco nomic status was associated with higher Fear of the Future and Hopelessness About the Future scores. Conclusion Selected sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle characteristics were associated with specific dimensions of future anxiety among vocational school students. The findings highlight the importance of psycho social and career-support services for students experiencing economic and future-related uncertainty.

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  Need for Social Approval and Resilience-Related Protective Factors in Adults Who Stutter: A Comparative and Correlational Study

  (MDPI, 27/10/2026)

  Alpüran Kocabıyık, Nurcan

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  Erkal, Sultan

  Daha fazla

  Stuttering is associated with psychosocial challenges that may increase vulnerability to social evaluation. This study examined whether adults who stutter (AWS) differ from adults who do not stutter (AWNS) in their need for social approval and investigated the relationship between social approval and resilience-related protective factors in AWS. The final analytic sample comprised 126 adults aged 18–49 years (69 AWS and 57 AWNS). No statistically significant differences were detected in sex or age-category distributions; these tests were used to describe demographic comparability and were not interpreted as evidence of statistical equivalence. Participants completed the Need for Social Approval Scale and the Protective Factors for Psychological Resilience Scale. AWS had a significantly higher total need for social approval than AWNS (76.90 ± 18.93 vs. 67.75 ± 16.10), t(124) = 2.885, p = 0.005, Hedges’ g = 0.513, bootstrap 95% CI [0.17, 0.91]. Within AWS, total need for social approval was moderately and inversely associated with total resilience-related protective factors (Spearman ρ = −0.429, p < 0.001, bootstrap 95% CI [−0.620, −0.192]; Holm-adjusted p = 0.003). In an age- and sex-adjusted sensitivity analysis using all eligible participants aged 18–49 years (69 AWS and 82 AWNS), AWS status remained associated with higher total social approval scores (B = 8.50, 95% CI [1.99, 15.02], p = 0.011). These findings describe associations between approval-oriented social concerns and perceived protective resources; the cross-sectional design does not establish causal mechanisms or intervention targets.

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  Comparative Evaluation of Children with and Without Speech Disorders Utilizing the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening and Kotlow’s Classification System

  (MDPI, 22/10/2026)

  Alpüran Kocabıyık, Nurcan

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  Dayan, Elis

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  Özkuyucu, Deniz

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  Balaban, Melike

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  Oğuzbal, Emre

  Daha fazla

  Background: Orofacial dysfunction may co-occur with speech and language disorders. This study compared orofacial function in children with and without speech disorders using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) and examined whether Kotlow tongue-tie severity is associated with orofacial function. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 77 children aged 5–13 years (37 with speech and language disorders [SD]; 40 without [N]). Orofacial function was screened with the NOT-S, and free tongue length was classified according to Kotlow. Nonparametric and exact tests, Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, and systemic conditions, and sensitivity analyses were used. Results: The SD group had higher NOT-S total (median 3 vs. 1; p < 0.001; r = 0.50) and examination scores (p < 0.001; r = 0.76) than the N group, whereas interview scores did not differ. After Holm correction, facial expression, oral motor function, and speech remained more frequently impaired. The difference persisted after adjustment (incidence rate ratio 2.21, 95% CI 1.53–3.19), in children without systemic conditions, and after exclusion of the speech domain. Tongue-tie prevalence and free tongue length did not differ between groups, and no severity-related association with NOT-S scores emerged. Conclusions: Children with speech disorders had higher NOT-S scores, which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, and systemic conditions, whereas no statistically significant association between tongue-tie severity and orofacial function was demonstrated in this small sample, which does not rule out an effect. Anatomical frenulum assessment alone may be insufficient and should be complemented by functional and speech and language evaluation.

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  Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience-related protective factors in persons who stutter: a cross-sectional comparative and correlational study

  (BMC Psychology, 15/10/2026)

  Alpüran Kocabıyık, Nurcan

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  Erol, Esra

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  Sarı Sülükler, Ayşegül

  Daha fazla

  This study aimed to compare cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience-related protective factors between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS), and to examine within-group associations between resilience-related protective factor scores and cognitive emotion regulation strategies.Methods The cross-sectional sample comprised 140 adults (PWS, n = 69; PWNS, n = 71), aged 18–65 years. Group assignment was based on participants’ s lf-identification of stuttering status, without independent clinical confirmation. Participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Protective Factors for Resilience Scale (PFRS). Sex distribution was compared using Pearson’s chi-square test, whereas age category and education level were compared using Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact tests because of sparse expected cell counts. Group comparisons were performed using independent-samples t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests according to distributional assumptions, with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals reported. Within-group associations were examined using Pearson or Spearman correlations, and Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied separately to the 36 subscale-level correlations within each group. Results No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in sex distribution (PWS: 37 men, 32 women; PWNS: 29 men, 42 women; χ²(1) = 2.29, p = .130), age (Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact p = .709), or education (Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact p = .670). No significant between-group differences were found for any of the nine CERQ subscales, and all corresponding effect sizes were small. PWS reported lower Personal, Peer, Family, and Total PFRS scores, with small-to-moderate rank-biserial effects. After Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction across 36 subscale-level correlations per group, 12 positive associations involving positive refocusing, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal remained significant in the PWS group, whereas no correlations remained significant in the PWNS group. Conclusions No statistically significant between-group differences were detected across the nine CERQ subscales, while PWS reported lower resilience-related protective resource scores. The observed within-group correlations suggest that adaptive cognitive regulation may be relevant to the psychosocial experience of stuttering; however, the cross-sectional and exploratory nature of the analyses precludes causal or between-group inferences about correlation strength.

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  Pulmonary function, functional capacity and physical activity in patients with SLE: a cross-sectional study

  (BMJ (BMJ Group), 31/07/2026)

  Usul, Melis

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  Çivi Karaaslan, Tuğba

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  Apaydın, Zelal

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  Uğurlu, Serdal

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  Tarakcı, Ela

  Daha fazla

  Objective SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function, maximal ventilatory capacity assessed by maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), functional capacity, physical activity level, sleep quality and fatigue between patients with SLE and healthy controls. Methods Respiratory function was assessed using spirometer. Functional capacity was evaluated with the 6-min walk test (6MWT), physical activity with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and fatigue with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results The cross-sectional study included 25 patients with SLE (21 women, 4 men; mean age 37.00±11.44 years) and 25 healthy controls (20 women, 5 men; mean age 32.24±5.86 years). Groups were similar in age and sex. Compared with healthy controls, patients with SLE had significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.03), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) (p=0.01) and MVV (p<0.001). The 6MWT distance and GPAQ total score were also reduced (p<0.01). No differences were observed for FEV₁ /FVC ratio (p=0.75), peak expiratory flow (p=0.32), PSQI (p=0.27) or FSS (p=0.26). In patients with SLE, MVV showed a moderate negative correlation with disease duration (r=−0.585) and a moderate positive correlation with exercise capacity (r=0.618). FEV₁ showed a borderline positive association with exercise capacity (r=0.384). Conclusions Pulmonary function, exercise capacity and physical activity levels were reduced in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls. In addition, pulmonary function parameters were associated with disease duration and exercise capacity, highlighting the importance of early evaluation of respiratory function in patients with SLE.

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