Influence of intraoperative tranexamic acid on bleeding outcomes in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy undergoing endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: A multicenter prospective study by the endourology section of EAU

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intraoperative administration of 1 g of tranexamic acid (TXA) on perioperative and post-operative outcomes in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy undergoing endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP). Methods This multicenter, prospective, observational study included 932 patients across 30 centers (December 2024–June 2025). Patients were divided into four groups based on TXA use and continuation or discontinuation of blood thinners during EEP. The primary endpoint was bleeding complications within 30 days, defined as a composite of transfusion, clot retention, bleeding requiring restart of continuous bladder washout (CBWO), or surgical reintervention to control hemostasis. Multi-variable Logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of bleeding complications. Results There were 534 patients in Group 1 (stopped blood thinners, no TXA given), 316 in Group 2 (on blood thinners, no TXA given), 69 in Group 3 (stopped blood thinners, TXA given), and 13 in Group 4 (on blood thinners, TXA given). Median total operative time was longest in Group 2 (88 min [IQR 70–127]) and shortest in Group 3 (55 min [IQR 39–69]). Hemosta-sis time was shortest in TXA groups (p<0.001). Transfusions occurred in 0.6–7.7% and surgical reinterventions in 0.6–7.7% across groups (p<0.001). At 3 months, urinary symptoms and continence were comparable. On multivariable analysis, TXA reduced the odds of bleeding complications (OR 0.17, p<0.001), while ongoing anticoagulant therapy (OR 2.93, p=0.01), dual therapy (OR 4.31, p<0.001), and longer operative time (OR 1.01, p<0.001) increased the odds. Conclusions Intraoperative TXA might mitigate perioperative bleeding and potentially protect patients at higher hemor-rhagic risk