Physical Features of High‐Density Barium–Tungstate–Phosphate (BTP) Glasses: Elastic Moduli, and Gamma Transmission Factors

Abstract

We present elastic moduli, gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, and transmission factor of barium–tungstate–phosphate (BTP) glasses with the chemical formula (60‐y)BaO‐yWO 3‐ 40P2 O 5, where y = 10 (S1)–40 (S4) in steps of 10 mole%. Different types of mathematical and simula‐ tion approaches, such as the Makishima–Mackenzie model, the Monte Carlo method, and the online Phy‐X/PSD software, are utilized in terms of determining these parameters. The total packing den‐ sity (Vt ) is enriched from 0.607 to 0.627, while the total energy dissociation (G t) is enriched by in‐ creasing the WO 3 content (from 52.2 (kJ/cm 3). In the investigated glasses, increasing tungstate triox‐ ide (WO 3) contribution enhanced Young’s, shear, bulk, and longitudinal moduli. Moreover, Pois‐ son’s ratio is improved by increasing the WO 3 content in the BTP glasses. The 20BaO‐40WO 3‐40P 2O 5 sample possessed the highest values of both linear (μ) and mass attenuation (μm) coefficients, i.e., (μ, μm) S4 > (μ, μm) S3 > (μ, μm) S2 > (μ, μm) S1. Moreover, the 20BaO‐40WO 3‐40P 2O 5 sample had the lowest values of half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) layers, i.e., (half, tenth) S4 < (half, tenth) S3 < (half, tenth) S2 < (half, tenth) S1. The effective atomic number (Z eff ) of the studied glasses has the same behavior as μ and μm. Finally, the 20BaO‐40WO 3‐40P 2O 5 is reported with the minimum values of transmission factor (TF) for all the BTP investigated at a thickness of 3 cm. In conclusion, the sample with com‐ position 20BaO‐40WO 3‐40P 2O 5 which has the maximum WO 3 reinforcement may be a beneficial glass sample, along with its advanced mechanical and gamma ray shielding properties.